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0.10.1

Asynchronous I/O that doesn’t get in your way, written in D

Struct TaggedUnion

Implements a generic tagged union type.

struct TaggedUnion(U)
  
if (is(U == union) || is(U == struct) || is(U == enum));

This struct takes a union or struct declaration as an input and builds an algebraic data type from its fields, using an automatically generated Kind enumeration to identify which field of the union is currently used. Multiple fields with the same value are supported.

For each field defined by U a number of convenience members are generated. For a given field "foo", these fields are:

  • static foo(value) - returns a new tagged union with the specified value
  • isFoo - equivalent to kind == Kind.foo
  • setFoo(value) - equivalent to set!(Kind.foo)(value)
  • getFoo - equivalent to get!(Kind.foo)

Constructors

NameDescription
this (other)
this ()

Fields

NameTypeDescription
m_data void[Largest!FieldTypes.sizeof]
m_kind TaggedUnion.Kind

Properties

NameTypeDescription
hasType[get] boolChecks whether the currently stored value has a given type.
kind[get] TaggedUnion.KindThe type ID of the currently stored value.
trustedGet[get] inout(T)
value[get] autoAccesses the contained value by reference.
value[get] inout(T)Accesses the contained value by reference.

Methods

NameDescription
opAssign (other)
opCast () Enables conversion or extraction of the stored value.
opEquals (other) Enables equality comparison with the stored value.
set () Sets a void value of the specified kind.
set (value) Sets a new value of the specified kind.
toHash () Enables using a tagged union value as an associative array key.
toString (w) Converts the contained value to a string.

Aliases

NameDescription
FieldDefinitionType
fieldNames
FieldTypeByName
FieldTypes
Kind A type enum that identifies the type of value currently stored.

Example

union Kinds {
	int count;
	string text;
}
alias TU = TaggedUnion!Kinds;

// default initialized to the first field defined
TU tu;
assert(tu.kind == TU.Kind.count);
assert(tu.isCount); // equivalent to the line above
assert(!tu.isText);
assert(tu.value!(TU.Kind.count) == int.init);

// set to a specific count
tu.setCount(42);
assert(tu.isCount);
assert(tu.countValue == 42);
assert(tu.value!(TU.Kind.count) == 42);
assert(tu.value!int == 42); // can also get by type
assert(tu.countValue == 42);

// assign a new tagged algebraic value
tu = TU.count(43);

// test equivalence with other tagged unions
assert(tu == TU.count(43));
assert(tu != TU.count(42));
assert(tu != TU.text("hello"));

// modify by reference
tu.countValue++;
assert(tu.countValue == 44);

// set the second field
tu.setText("hello");
assert(!tu.isCount);
assert(tu.isText);
assert(tu.kind == TU.Kind.text);
assert(tu.textValue == "hello");

// unique types can also be directly constructed
tu = TU(12);
assert(tu.countValue == 12);
tu = TU("foo");
assert(tu.textValue == "foo");

Example

// Enum annotations supported since DMD 2.082.0. The mixin below is
// necessary to keep the parser happy on older versions.
static if (__VERSION__ >= 2082) {
	alias myint = int;
	// tagged unions can be defined in terms of an annotated enum
	mixin(q{enum E {
		none,
		@string text
	}});

	alias TU = TaggedUnion!E;
	static assert(is(TU.Kind == E));

	TU tu;
	assert(tu.isNone);
	assert(tu.kind == E.none);

	tu.setText("foo");
	assert(tu.kind == E.text);
	assert(tu.textValue == "foo");
}
Authors

Sönke Ludwig

Copyright

Copyright 2015-2019, Sönke Ludwig.

License

www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt, Boost License 1.0.